UK ETA Application Requirements: Documents & Eligibility

Planning a trip to the UK? You've probably heard about the UK Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA). It's a new digital permission that lets you enter the UK without a visa – but you need to apply before you travel.

This guide covers everything you need to know about the UK ETA application requirements. We'll walk you through the documents you need, who qualifies, and the exact steps to apply. By the end, you'll know exactly what's needed and how to get approved quickly.

Remember: this is general guidance. Always check the official UK government website for the latest rules before you travel.

What is a UK ETA?

The UK ETA is a digital travel authorisation for travellers who don't need a visa to visit the UK. It's not a visa – it's a pre-screening that grants you permission to board your flight or ferry. You'll still be checked by Border Force when you arrive.

The system is similar to the US ESTA or the upcoming EU ETIAS. It's designed to enhance border security and speed up entry. The UK ETA is valid for multiple visits over two years, or until your passport expires – whichever comes first.

Each visit can last up to six months. You can use it for tourism, short business trips, or transit. You cannot work or study with an ETA.

Who needs a UK ETA? (Eligibility)

Not everyone needs an ETA. You only need one if you're a non-visa national – that is, a citizen of a country that doesn't require a visa for short UK visits. This includes most of Europe, the Americas, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, South Korea, and many others.

You do not need an ETA if:

• You have a UK visa (including a work, study, or family visa).
• You have a British passport or have right of abode in the UK.
• You are a visa national (you need a visa for any visit).
• You are transiting through the UK but staying airside (not passing through border control) – though this exception is being phased out.

For a full list of eligible nationalities, check the official UK government page. If you're unsure, read our detailed guide on who needs a UK ETA.

Country-specific eligibility examples

Citizens of the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, South Korea, and Singapore are all eligible. Most European Union countries are also included, though some are being phased into the system gradually.

If your country is not on the list, you will need a visa. For example, citizens of India, China, and South Africa are visa nationals and cannot use the ETA.

UK ETA Application Requirements: Documents You Need

Good news: you don't need a stack of paperwork. The UK ETA application is simple. Here's what you'll need:

1. A valid biometric passport

Your passport must be from an eligible country and have a biometric chip (the gold symbol on the front). The passport must be valid for the entire duration of your stay. If your passport is non-biometric (older style without a chip), you cannot use the ETA system – you'll need to apply for a visa instead.

Your passport must also be valid for at least the length of your visit. There's no six-month validity rule for ETA holders, but check your specific country's requirements.

For example, a US passport issued in 2010 without the chip symbol will not work. A 2022 passport with the chip will be accepted.

2. A digital passport photo

You'll need to upload a recent digital photo. It can be a selfie or a professional photo, as long as it meets the guidelines: plain background, no glasses, good lighting, no shadows. The system will check it automatically.

If your photo fails, you can retake it. Many applicants use their phone camera – just make sure the image is clear and your face is centred.

For best results, stand against a white wall and use natural light. Avoid wearing hats or head coverings unless for religious reasons.

3. An email address

You need a valid email address. The UK ETA approval will be sent there. Use an address you check regularly – you might need to show the approval email at the airport (though it's linked to your passport electronically).

Make sure your inbox has space. Some email providers may filter the approval message to spam, so check your junk folder if it doesn't arrive.

4. A payment method

The UK ETA costs £20 per person. You can pay with a credit or debit card (Visa, Mastercard, American Express, etc.). Some digital wallets may also work.

See our guide on how much does a uk eta cost for details.

The fee is non-refundable, even if your application is refused. Ensure your card has sufficient funds and is enabled for international transactions.

5. Your travel details (optional but helpful)

You don't need to provide flight numbers or hotel bookings. The application asks for basic personal information and passport details. However, having your travel dates and purpose of visit in mind helps you answer the questions accurately.

For example, if you plan to attend a conference, know the dates and location. This helps if asked about your itinerary.

Step-by-Step UK ETA Application Process

Applying is straightforward. Follow these steps:

1. Go to the official UK ETA website or app. Use the UK government's official site or the UK ETA app (available on iOS and Android). Avoid third-party sites that charge extra fees.
2. Create an account. You'll need to provide your email and set a password. You can save your application and return later if needed.
3. Enter your personal details. This includes your full name, date of birth, gender, and place of birth. Enter exactly as shown on your passport.
4. Enter your passport details. Passport number, issue date, expiry date, and nationality. Double-check for typos.
5. Upload your photo. Follow the on-screen instructions. The system will validate it instantly.
6. Answer security questions. You'll be asked about your travel history, criminal record, and any previous UK immigration issues. Be honest – false answers can lead to refusal.
7. Review and pay. Check all information is correct. Then pay the £20 fee.
8. Submit and wait. Most applications are approved within minutes. Some take up to 72 hours. You'll receive an email with your ETA reference number.

That's it. No need to print anything – the ETA is linked to your passport number electronically. But it's wise to save the email or screenshot the reference number.

Tips for a smooth application

Use a stable internet connection to avoid timeouts. Have your passport nearby to copy details accurately. Read each question carefully before answering.

If you make a mistake after submission, you cannot edit it. You may need to reapply, which means paying the fee again.

What Happens After You Apply?

After submission, your application is checked against UK security databases. Most people get an instant decision. If your application is approved, you'll get an email saying "ETA granted".

The authorisation is valid for two years (or until your passport expires).

If your application is refused, you'll receive a reason. Common reasons include criminal history or previous immigration violations. You can reapply, but you'll need to address the issue.

In some cases, you may need to apply for a visa instead.

Understanding the decision email

The approval email includes your ETA reference number and validity dates. Keep this for your records. If you applied for a group, each person gets a separate email.

If your application is pending, you may see a "processing" status. Check your account for updates. Contact UKVI if you haven't heard back after 72 hours.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Here are pitfalls that delay or reject applications:

• Wrong passport type: Using a non-biometric passport. Check for the chip symbol.
• Mismatched details: Entering a name or date that doesn't match your passport exactly.
• Poor photo: Blurry, shadowed, or with glasses. Retake if needed.
• Incomplete answers: Skipping questions or providing false information.
• Applying too late: While most are instant, apply at least 72 hours before travel to be safe.

How to avoid photo rejection

Use a plain white or light grey background. Ensure your face is well-lit and centred. Remove glasses, hats, and hair from your face.

The system checks for shadows and glare.

If your photo is rejected, the system will tell you why. Adjust and retake until it passes.

UK ETA for Specific Travellers

Dual nationals

If you hold two passports, use the one from the eligible country to apply. You must travel on that passport when entering the UK. If one of your nationalities is British, you don't need an ETA – use your British passport.

For example, a Canadian-British dual national should use their Canadian passport for the ETA, but if they have a British passport, they can skip the ETA entirely.

Families and children

Each traveller, including children, needs their own ETA. Parents or guardians can apply on behalf of a child. You'll need the child's passport and photo.

Children under 18 do not need a separate email address. The parent's email can be used for the application. The fee is the same £20 per person.

Transit passengers

If you're transiting through the UK and need to pass through border control (e.g., changing airports), you need an ETA. If you stay airside and don't enter the UK, you may not need one – but check the latest rules as they change.

For example, a passenger flying from New York to Dubai via London Heathrow, staying in the transit area, may not need an ETA. But if they switch from Heathrow to Gatwick, they will need one.

Commonwealth Games 2026

If you're travelling to the UK for the Commonwealth Games in 2026, the ETA requirements remain the same. Ensure you apply well in advance. For more details, see our guide on uk eta commonwealth games 2026.

Large events often see higher application volumes. Apply at least a month before your trip to avoid delays.

UK ETA Validity and Renewal

The ETA is valid for two years from approval or until your passport expires, whichever comes first. You can make multiple visits during that time, each stay up to six months. There is no limit on the number of entries.

If your passport expires before the two years, your ETA becomes invalid. You must reapply with your new passport. The fee applies again.

When to renew

Renew your ETA if you get a new passport, even if the old one was still valid. Also renew if your personal details change, such as a name change after marriage. You cannot transfer an ETA to a new passport.

Set a reminder to check your ETA expiry before booking travel. A valid ETA is required to board your flight.

UK ETA and Border Control

When you arrive in the UK, Border Force officers will check your passport and may ask questions about your visit. The ETA is linked to your passport, so you don't need to show a separate document. However, having the approval email handy is wise.

Officers may ask about your purpose of travel, accommodation, and return plans. Answer honestly and concisely. The ETA does not guarantee entry – the final decision is made at the border.

What happens if you overstay

Overstaying your six-month visit can affect future ETA applications. UK immigration keeps records of entry and exit. If you overstay, you may be refused future ETAs or visas.

Always leave before your permitted stay ends. If you need to stay longer, apply for a visa extension before your ETA expires.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I apply for a UK ETA at the airport?

No. You must apply before you travel. There is no on-arrival ETA. If you arrive without one, you may be refused boarding by the airline.

Apply online at least a few days before your trip.

Some airlines may check for an ETA at check-in. Without it, they can deny boarding.

How long does the UK ETA last?

The ETA is valid for two years from the date of approval, or until your passport expires – whichever comes first. You can make multiple visits during that time, each stay up to six months.

For example, if approved on 1 January 2025 and your passport expires on 1 June 2026, the ETA ends on 1 June 2026.

Do I need a UK ETA if I have a visa?

No. If you hold a valid UK visa (e.g., work, study, family), you don't need an ETA. The visa overrides the ETA requirement. But if your visa is for a short visit, you may still need an ETA – check the conditions.

For example, a visitor visa for six months may replace the ETA. But a transit visa may not cover all situations.

What if my UK ETA application is refused?

If refused, you'll get a reason. You can reapply, but you must fix the issue. In some cases, you may need to apply for a visa instead.

There is no appeal process, but you can contact UKVI for guidance.

Common refusal reasons include criminal records or previous overstays. Address these before reapplying.

Can I use my UK ETA for work or study?

No. The ETA is for tourism, business (e.g., meetings, conferences), and transit only. You cannot work or study with an ETA. For that, you need the appropriate visa.

Business activities like attending a conference are allowed. Paid work, even short-term, is not.

Can I apply for a UK ETA if I have a criminal record?

It depends on the nature of the offence. Minor offences may not affect your application. Serious crimes, especially those involving prison time, can lead to refusal.

You must answer security questions honestly. Concealing a criminal record can result in a ban from the UK.

Technical Requirements for Your Passport Photo

The UK ETA system uses automated checks to validate your photo. The image must be in JPEG format and no larger than 10MB. Most smartphone photos meet this requirement.

Your face must occupy 70-80% of the frame. The resolution should be at least 600 x 750 pixels. The background must be plain and free of patterns.

If you wear glasses, remove them for the photo. The system may reject images with reflections or thick frames. Contact lenses are fine as long as your eyes are clearly visible.

Photo examples of acceptance and rejection

A photo taken against a white wall with even lighting will pass. A photo with a shadow across your face or a cluttered background will fail. The system provides specific error messages to guide you.

For instance, if the photo is too dark, the system says "Image too dark." If your face is not centred, it says "Face not in frame." Follow these prompts to retake successfully.

How the UK ETA Links to Your Passport

When your ETA is approved, it is electronically linked to your passport number. Border Force systems check this link when you scan your passport at the e-gate or manual desk. No separate document is needed.

If you renew your passport, the link is broken. You must apply for a new ETA with the new passport number. The old ETA cannot be transferred.

For example, if you get a new passport in 2025, your 2024 ETA becomes invalid. Apply again before your next trip.

Group Applications and Business Travel

There is no group application feature for the UK ETA. Each traveller must apply individually. However, one person can complete applications for multiple family members using the same account.

For business travel, the ETA covers meetings, conferences, and site visits. It does not cover paid work or providing services. If you plan to work remotely, check the rules carefully.

For example, a consultant attending a client meeting can use an ETA. A consultant paid to deliver training cannot.

How to Check Your ETA Status

After applying, you can check your ETA status online through your account. Log in with your email and password to see if it is pending, approved, or refused. The system updates in real time.

If your status shows "pending", wait up to 72 hours. Do not reapply unless you receive a refusal. Multiple applications for the same trip can cause confusion.

For example, if you applied on Monday and it is still pending on Tuesday, check again on Wednesday. Contact UKVI only after 72 hours without a decision.

What to do if you lose your approval email

If you lose your approval email, log into your account to retrieve the reference number. You can also request a resend from the portal. Keep a digital copy on your phone for travel.

Airlines may ask for the reference number at check-in. Having it saved avoids delays at the airport.

UK ETA for Non-Standard Passports

Some travellers use diplomatic, official, or service passports. These may have different rules. Check if your passport type is eligible for the ETA or if a visa is required instead.

For example, a US diplomatic passport holder may still need an ETA unless they have a visa. The same applies to UN laissez-passer holders. Always verify with the UK government.

If your passport is damaged, replace it before applying. A torn or water-damaged passport may be rejected at the border, even with an approved ETA.

Understanding the UK ETA Fee Structure

The UK ETA costs £20 per person, regardless of age. There are no discounts for children or seniors. The fee is non-refundable, even if your application is denied or you cancel your trip.

Payment is taken at the time of submission. You must use a credit or debit card accepted by the system. Some digital wallets like Apple Pay or Google Pay may also be supported, but this varies.

For example, if you apply for a family of four, the total fee is £80. If one application is refused, that £20 is not returned.

How to avoid extra fees

Only use the official UK government website or app. Third-party sites often charge additional service fees, sometimes doubling the cost. The official site is the only place to apply directly.

Check the URL carefully before entering payment details. Look for ".gov.uk" in the address bar.

UK ETA for Non-English Speakers

The UK ETA application is available only in English. All questions and instructions are in English. If you are not fluent, consider asking a friend or family member to help you complete the form.

There is no option to submit the application in another language. The system accepts responses in English only. For example, you must enter your name exactly as it appears on your passport, which is usually in English characters.

If you need assistance, contact UKVI for guidance. Some embassies or travel agencies may offer help, but they may charge fees.

UK ETA and Connecting Flights

If you have a connecting flight through the UK, you may need an ETA depending on your route. If you stay in the transit area and do not pass through border control, you may not need one. However, if you change airports or need to clear immigration, an ETA is required.

For example, a passenger flying from Singapore to New York via London Heathrow, staying in the same terminal, may not need an ETA. But a passenger flying from Tokyo to Manchester via London Gatwick, switching terminals, will need one.

Always check with your airline before travel. They can confirm whether an ETA is required for your specific itinerary.

UK ETA for Students and Researchers

Students and researchers cannot use the UK ETA for long-term study or research. The ETA is for short visits only, up to six months. If you plan to study a course, you need a Student visa.

However, if you are attending a short conference or workshop, the ETA may be suitable. For example, a researcher presenting at a one-day conference can use an ETA. A researcher staying for a three-month lab collaboration cannot.

If in doubt, apply for the appropriate visa. Overstaying or misusing the ETA can lead to refusal of future applications.

Key takeaways

• You need a valid biometric passport from an eligible country, a digital photo, an email, and £20.
• The application is online and takes about 10 minutes. Most get instant approval.
• Apply at least 72 hours before travel to avoid last-minute issues.
• Check the official UK government website for the latest requirements before you go.

For official guidance, visit the UK Government ETA.