UK ETA: The Complete Guide for Travellers

If you're planning a trip to the UK and you don't need a visa, you've probably heard about the new Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA). It's a digital permit that lets you enter the UK for short stays without a visa. Think of it like the US ESTA or Canada's eTA — it's not a visa, but you need it before you travel.

This guide covers everything you need to know: who needs it, how to apply, how much it costs, how long it lasts, and what happens at the border. We'll also cover special cases like dual nationality, multiple entries, and renewals.

Let's get straight to it.

What is the UK ETA?

The UK ETA is a digital travel authorisation for nationals of countries that don't need a visa to visit the UK. It's linked to your passport electronically, so you don't get a sticker or stamp. Border Force officers check it when you arrive.

The ETA is part of the UK's new border system. It's designed to pre-screen travellers before they travel, making entry faster and more secure.

You need an ETA if you're a visa-exempt national travelling to the UK for:

• Tourism (holidays, visiting friends/family)
• Business (meetings, conferences, events — but not paid work)
• Short-term study (courses up to 6 months)
• Transit (passing through a UK airport to another country)

You do not need an ETA if you have a valid UK visa, a Biometric Residence Permit, or right of abode. Also, Irish citizens are exempt.

Who needs a UK ETA?

The ETA requirement applies to nationals of countries that currently don't need a visa for the UK. This includes the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, and many others. The full list is on the UK government website.

If you're from a visa-required country (e.g., India, China, Nigeria), you still need a visa — the ETA doesn't replace that.

Not sure if you need one? Check your nationality on GOV.UK's visa checker. If it says you can visit without a visa, you'll need an ETA from 2025.

Eligible nationalities in detail

The eligible list includes over 50 countries. Examples include the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, and most European Union nations.

If your country is not on the list, you must apply for a standard visitor visa instead. The ETA does not apply to visa-required nationals.

Always check the official list before applying. Nationality rules can change with little notice.

Who is exempt from the ETA

You do not need an ETA if you hold a valid UK visa of any type. This includes work visas, study visas, and family visas.

You are also exempt if you have a Biometric Residence Permit (BRP) or right of abode in the UK. Irish citizens are completely exempt from the ETA requirement.

If you are a British Overseas Territories citizen, you may not need an ETA. Check your specific status on GOV.UK.

How to apply for a UK ETA

The application is entirely online. You can do it on the UK government website or via the official UK ETA app. Here's the step-by-step:

1. Go to the official site or app. Only use gov.uk — avoid third-party sites that charge extra fees.
2. Fill in your details. You'll need your passport, a photo (can be taken with your phone), and a debit/credit card.
3. Answer a few questions. These are basic security questions — nothing too personal.
4. Pay the fee. £20 (around $26 USD or €23 EUR).
5. Submit. You'll get a decision by email, usually within minutes. In some cases it can take up to 72 hours, so apply in advance.

That's it. The ETA is linked to your passport number, so you don't need to print anything. But it's wise to keep the confirmation email.

Using the UK ETA app

The official app is available for iOS and Android. It makes the process even faster because you can scan your passport chip.

You can also take your photo directly within the app. This avoids the need for a separate digital photo file.

The app is free to download. Only use the official UK government app, not third-party versions.

Common application errors

One common mistake is entering your name exactly as it appears on your passport. Any mismatch can cause delays or refusal.

Another error is using an expired or damaged passport. Your passport must be valid for the entire duration of your trip.

Double-check your email address before submitting. The decision is sent by email, so a typo can mean you miss it.

UK ETA requirements: What you need to apply

Before you start, gather these:

• A valid passport from an eligible country. It must be biometric (with the chip) if you're using the app.
• A digital photo (or you can use your phone camera during the app process).
• A payment method: credit or debit card (Visa, Mastercard, Amex, etc.).
• An email address to receive the decision.

For full details, see our uk eta application requirements page.

Passport validity rules

Your passport must be valid for the entire period you intend to stay in the UK. There is no minimum validity requirement beyond that.

If your passport expires before your ETA does, the ETA becomes invalid. You must apply for a new ETA with your new passport.

Always check your passport expiry date before applying. It is a simple but critical step.

Photo requirements

The photo must be a clear, recent image of your face. No sunglasses, hats, or filters are allowed.

If using the app, you can take the photo with your phone camera. The app will guide you to ensure it meets standards.

If you upload a digital photo, ensure it is in JPEG format and under 10MB. Blurry or dark photos may be rejected.

How much does a UK ETA cost?

The fee is £20 (about $26 USD / €23 EUR). That's per person, including children and infants. There are no discounts or waivers.

If you use a third-party website, you might be charged extra — sometimes £50 or more. Only use the official gov.uk site to avoid overpaying.

Payment methods accepted

The official site accepts Visa, Mastercard, American Express, and most debit cards. You can also use some prepaid cards.

If you do not have a card, you may need to ask someone to pay on your behalf. The application allows for third-party payment.

Always ensure your card has sufficient funds before starting. A failed payment can delay your application.

No refunds for refused applications

If your ETA application is refused, the £20 fee is not refunded. This is standard for most travel authorisation systems.

Make sure you meet all requirements before applying. Double-check your information to avoid mistakes.

Consider applying well in advance so you have time to reapply if needed. The fee is non-refundable but relatively low.

How long is a UK ETA valid for?

The UK ETA is valid for 2 years from the date of approval, or until your passport expires — whichever comes first. During that time, you can make multiple trips to the UK. Each stay can be up to 6 months.

If you get a new passport, you'll need to apply for a new ETA. It's not transferable between passports.

For more on the rules around multiple trips, see our uk eta multiple entry guide.

Multiple entries explained

The ETA allows unlimited entries during its validity period. You can leave and re-enter the UK as many times as you like.

Each visit can last up to 6 months. There is no minimum time between visits.

However, Border Force may question you if you spend too much time in the UK. They want to ensure you are not living there without a visa.

What happens when your ETA expires

When your ETA expires, you must apply for a new one if you wish to travel again. There is no grace period.

If you are already in the UK when your ETA expires, you can stay until the end of your permitted visit. You do not need to leave immediately.

But you cannot use an expired ETA to re-enter the UK. Always check your ETA validity before booking return travel.

Can I extend or renew my UK ETA?

No, you cannot extend an ETA. If it expires, you apply for a new one. There's no renewal process — it's a fresh application each time.

You don't need to wait for it to expire to apply again. If you have a new passport, apply for a new ETA even if the old one is still valid. The old one will be cancelled automatically.

For more on this, check our uk eta renewal page.

Applying for a new ETA early

You can apply for a new ETA up to 3 months before your current one expires. The new one will start from the date of approval.

If you apply early, you will have two valid ETAs for a short period. This is fine as long as you use the correct one for travel.

Always use the ETA linked to the passport you are travelling with. The system will recognise it automatically.

What if you lose your passport

If you lose your passport, report it immediately and apply for a replacement. Your ETA is linked to the lost passport and becomes invalid.

Once you get a new passport, you must apply for a new ETA. The old one cannot be transferred.

Keep a copy of your ETA confirmation email separate from your passport. This can help if you need to prove you had authorisation.

UK ETA for dual nationals

If you hold two passports, you need to choose one to travel on. Apply for the ETA using the passport you'll use for the trip. If you're a dual national and one of your nationalities requires a visa, you must use that passport and get a visa — the ETA won't cover you.

For example, if you're a US/Indian dual national, you can use your US passport to apply for an ETA. But if you use your Indian passport, you'd need a visa.

For detailed guidance, see our uk eta dual nationality article.

Choosing the right passport

Always use the passport that gives you visa-free access to the UK. This simplifies the process and avoids extra costs.

If you enter the UK on one passport, you must leave on the same passport. Consistency is key for border control.

If you have multiple citizenships, check each one's eligibility. The ETA is only for visa-exempt nationals.

What if you have a visa in another passport

If you hold a valid UK visa in one passport, you do not need an ETA. Use the passport with the visa for travel.

Do not apply for an ETA if you already have a visa. It is unnecessary and may cause confusion.

If your visa is in an expired passport, carry both passports when travelling. The visa remains valid if the passport is cancelled.

What happens at the UK border with an ETA?

When you arrive in the UK, you go through Border Control as usual. The officer will scan your passport and see your ETA electronically. You may be asked questions about your trip — be ready to answer honestly.

Having an ETA does not guarantee entry. The Border Force officer still decides whether to let you in. But if you have a valid ETA and meet the usual visitor requirements (no criminal record, credible purpose of visit, enough funds), you should be fine.

You can use eGates if you have a biometric passport from the EU, US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, or a few other countries. The ETA is checked automatically.

What questions to expect

Border officers may ask about your accommodation, return ticket, and purpose of visit. Have your booking details ready.

They may also ask about your funds. Be prepared to show bank statements or cash if requested.

Answer all questions truthfully. Lying can result in refusal of entry and a ban from the UK.

Using eGates with an ETA

eGates are available at major UK airports like Heathrow, Gatwick, and Manchester. They are fast and convenient.

Your ETA is checked automatically when you scan your passport. No officer interaction is needed.

If you are travelling with children under 12, you cannot use eGates. You must see a Border Force officer.

Common mistakes to avoid

• Applying too late. Apply at least a few days before travel. Most applications are approved quickly, but some take up to 72 hours.
• Using a third-party site. You'll pay more and risk your data. Only use gov.uk.
• Not updating your passport. If you renew your passport, your ETA is invalid. Apply for a new one.
• Assuming it's a visa. The ETA is not a visa. It doesn't give you the right to work or study long-term.

Other frequent errors

Some travellers forget to apply for each family member separately. Each person, including infants, needs their own ETA.

Others mistakenly think an ETA is optional. It is mandatory for all eligible travellers from 2025.

Do not wait until you are at the airport to apply. Internet access may be limited, and delays can occur.

Frequently asked questions

Do children need a UK ETA?

Yes. Everyone, including infants and children, needs their own ETA. Apply for each person separately.

The application for a child is the same as for an adult. You will need their passport and a photo.

Parents or guardians can apply on behalf of their children. Use the child's details, not your own.

Can I work in the UK with an ETA?

No. The ETA is for tourism, business (like meetings), and short-term study. You cannot take paid work or live in the UK. For work, you need a work visa.

Volunteering or unpaid internships may be allowed, but check the rules. Paid employment is strictly prohibited.

If you are unsure, consult the UK government's guidance. Breaking the rules can lead to deportation.

What if my ETA application is refused?

If refused, you'll get a reason. You can apply again with corrected information, or if you think it's a mistake, you can contact UKVI. But there's no formal appeal process for ETAs.

Common reasons for refusal include incorrect details or criminal history. Double-check your application before submitting.

If you are refused, you may still be able to apply for a standard visitor visa. This is a separate process with different requirements.

Do I need an ETA if I'm just transiting through a UK airport?

Yes, if you're a visa-exempt national passing through the UK (even if you don't leave the airport). You need an ETA for transit. If you're from a visa-required country, you may need a Direct Airside Transit Visa (DATV).

Transit includes changing planes at a UK airport. You do not need to go through border control, but the ETA is still required.

Check your airline's policy as well. Some airlines may refuse boarding without an ETA.

Can I use the same ETA for multiple trips?

Yes, the ETA is valid for 2 years and allows multiple entries. Each stay can be up to 6 months. But if you get a new passport, you need a new ETA.

You can travel for tourism, business, or study on the same ETA. Just ensure your purpose matches the permitted activities.

Keep your ETA confirmation email for reference. It can be useful if you have questions at the border.

UK ETA and the 2025 rollout

The UK ETA system is being rolled out in phases. It started in 2023 for some nationalities and will expand to all visa-exempt travellers by 2025.

If you are from a country not yet included, you do not need an ETA yet. Check the official timeline for your nationality.

The rollout aims to improve border security and streamline entry. It aligns the UK with systems like the US ESTA and EU ETIAS.

What to expect in 2025

By 2025, all visa-exempt travellers will need an ETA before travelling to the UK. This includes travellers from the US, Canada, and Australia.

The application process will remain the same. The fee and validity period are not expected to change.

Plan ahead for 2025 travel. Apply for your ETA as soon as you book your trip to avoid last-minute issues.

How the ETA affects airlines

Airlines are required to check that passengers have an ETA before boarding. They may deny boarding if you do not have one.

This is similar to how airlines check visas today. Always have your ETA confirmation ready when checking in.

If you are denied boarding due to a missing ETA, you may lose your ticket cost. Apply early to avoid this risk.

UK ETA vs. other travel authorisations

The UK ETA is similar to the US ESTA, Canada's eTA, and Australia's ETA. All are digital permits for visa-exempt travellers.

However, the UK ETA has a lower fee than some. For example, the US ESTA costs $21, while the UK ETA is only £20.

The validity period is also competitive. Two years is standard for most similar systems.

Key differences from the US ESTA

The US ESTA requires a separate application for each trip. The UK ETA allows multiple entries for 2 years.

The US ESTA also asks more detailed questions about health and criminal history. The UK ETA is simpler in comparison.

Both systems are non-refundable if refused. Always apply with accurate information.

How it compares to the EU ETIAS

The EU ETIAS is expected to launch in 2025 for travel to Schengen countries. It will cost €20 and be valid for 3 years.

The UK ETA is separate from the ETIAS. You need both if you plan to visit the UK and the EU.

Each system has its own application process. Do not confuse the two when planning your trip.

Key takeaways

• The UK ETA is a digital travel authorisation for visa-exempt visitors. Apply online before you travel.
• Costs £20, valid for 2 years, allows multiple stays of up to 6 months each.
• You don't need an ETA if you have a UK visa, Biometric Residence Permit, or right of abode. Irish citizens are exempt.
• Apply on the official gov.uk website or app. Avoid third-party sites.
• Always check the latest requirements on the UK government website before your trip.

This guide is for general information only. Always verify your specific situation with official sources before travelling.

See also: UK ETA application requirements